A range of conditions can affect the testicles and surrounding structures, causing symptoms such as pain, swelling, lumps or fertility concerns.
Early assessment is particularly important for men who notice a new lump, swelling or persistent discomfort, as prompt diagnosis can help ensure the best possible outcomes.
Dr Paul Manohar provides comprehensive assessment and treatment for a wide range of testicular conditions, from common benign disorders through to testicular cancer and complex urological concerns.
Dr Manohar provides expert diagnosis and treatment for a broad range of conditions affecting the testicles and scrotum. Explore the conditions below to learn more about symptoms, causes and available treatment options.
Testicular cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting younger and middle-aged men. Although relatively uncommon overall, it is highly treatable, particularly when diagnosed early.
The most common symptom is a painless lump or swelling within the testicle. Some men may also experience:
Diagnosis typically involves physical examination, ultrasound imaging and blood tests.
Treatment depends on the type and stage of cancer but often achieves excellent long-term outcomes. Early assessment of any new testicular lump is strongly recommended.
Not all testicular lumps indicate cancer. Many are caused by benign conditions affecting the testicle, epididymis or surrounding structures.
Possible causes include:
Any new lump or swelling should be assessed by a urologist to establish the underlying cause and determine whether treatment is required.
Ultrasound is often used to provide detailed evaluation and reassurance where appropriate.
Testicular pain can range from mild intermittent discomfort through to severe pain requiring urgent medical attention.
Potential causes include:
Some causes are relatively minor, while others require immediate treatment to preserve testicular function.
Persistent or severe testicular pain should always be investigated to identify the underlying cause and guide appropriate management.
A hydrocele is a collection of fluid surrounding the testicle, causing enlargement of the scrotum.
Hydroceles are generally benign and may develop gradually over time. Many men notice painless swelling, although larger hydroceles can occasionally cause discomfort or a feeling of heaviness.
Common features include:
Treatment is not always necessary. However, surgery may be considered when a hydrocele becomes large, symptomatic or cosmetically concerning.
A varicocele is an enlargement of the veins within the scrotum, similar to varicose veins that occur elsewhere in the body.
Varicoceles are relatively common and may be associated with:
Many varicoceles require no treatment. However, intervention may be recommended when symptoms are significant or fertility is affected.
Assessment typically involves physical examination and ultrasound imaging.
Epididymitis refers to inflammation of the epididymis, while orchitis refers to inflammation of the testicle itself. These conditions often occur together and can cause significant discomfort.
Symptoms may include:
Causes may include bacterial infection, viral infection or inflammation.
Prompt assessment and treatment are important to relieve symptoms and reduce the risk of complications.
Testicular torsion is a medical emergency that occurs when the spermatic cord twists and cuts off blood supply to the testicle.
Symptoms typically include:
Urgent surgical treatment is often required to restore blood flow and maximise the chance of saving the testicle.
Any man or boy who develops sudden severe testicular pain should seek immediate medical attention.
An undescended testicle occurs when a testicle does not move normally into the scrotum during development.
Although commonly identified during childhood, some men may present later in life with an undescended testicle or complications associated with the condition.
Potential concerns include:
Assessment may involve examination and imaging studies to determine the location and function of the affected testicle.
Treatment recommendations depend on age, symptoms and individual circumstances.
If you have noticed a testicular lump, swelling, pain or any other concerning change, specialist assessment can help identify the cause and determine the most appropriate treatment.
Dr Paul Manohar provides comprehensive care for patients with testicular and scrotal conditions, combining evidence-based treatment with a personalised and supportive approach. He welcomes both public and private patients and consults across Melbourne’s eastern and south-eastern suburbs.
Contact the practice today to arrange an appointment and discuss your concerns.
Whether you are experiencing concerning symptoms, have a recent diagnosis, or are seeking a second opinion, Dr Paul Manohar provides experienced, personalised urological care across South-Eastern Melbourne and Gippsland.
Consulting locations include:
